![]() If one direct quotation contains another, the second quotation is set off by single quotation marks.Ĭorrect: “When Victor says, ‘I’ll be there,’ I believe him,” I explained. Colons and Semicolons:Ĭolons and semicolons at the end of the quote are placed outside the quotation mark:Ĭorrect: Her friend said, “Think twice about that class” however, Jill had her mind made up. Correct: Did the doctor say, “Come back next week”? VIII. Exclamation Points and Question Marks:Įxclamation points and question marks are placed inside the quotation mark only when they are part of the direct quotation:Ĭorrect: The doctor asked, “Are you dizzy?” -> In this sentence, the question mark goes inside the quotation mark because the quotation itself is a question. Commas and Periods:Ĭorrect: “That’s right,” the professor said. ![]() “Why don’t you call me when you’re free?” VI. Incorrect: Jack asked, “would you like to go out for a pizza?” Correct: “I’d love to,” Mary replied, “but I have a date tonight.” Correct: “We can go later,” John said. When using quotation marks, follow these rules:Ĭapitalize the first word of a direct quotation if the direct quotation is a complete sentence on its own: Therefore, use this technique sparingly in your writing. Overuse may also take away from the emphasis. ![]() The use of quotation marks to suggest irony can often be confusing to the reader. The “chess master” was exposed as a con artist.Ī person claiming to be a chess expert turns out to be something quite different. The word “victim” appears in quotation marks to suggest that the person enjoys the media attention too much to be called a victim. Use quotation marks to enclose words used in an ironic sense (that is, in a sense quite different from their surface meaning):Ĭorrect: The “victim” seemed to enjoy the TV coverage. You can avoid confusing quotation marks and italics for titles by keeping this rule in mind: short works-poems, short stories, essays, and so forth-take short marks: “ ”. Later in this review, we will see that italics are used to mark titles of longer works. Short poem: “In Just Spring” Short story: “Why I Live at the P.O.” Song: “Yesterday” TV show: “Friends” Essay: “Politics in the ‘80s” Chapter: “Desert Insects” Use quotation marks to enclose the title of a short poem, short story, song, TV show, essay, or chapter: Indirect quotations are often (but not always) introduced by the word that. Correct: George felt that she gave sound advice. Correct: His professor advised him not to take on more work than he could handle. These are some more good examples of indirect quotations:Ĭorrect: George said that he would take four classes next semester. You know that it is not a direct quote because Susan wouldn’t use “She” to refer to herself! No quotation marks are used in an indirect quotation because the exact words of the speaker are not quoted. Incorrect: Susan said that, “She would visit her family next weekend.” Correct: Susan said that she would visit her family next weekend. Do not use quotation marks in an indirect quotation: Indirect Quotations:Īn indirect quotation is when you are saying what someone said but without using their exact words. Correct: “You see,” the farmer added, “she broke her glasses last summer.” II. Incorrect: You see, the farmer added, she broke her glasses last summer. Correct: “I should hope not,” I muttered. Correct: “No,” the farmer said, “my cow doesn’t read much anymore.” Incorrect: I should hope not, I muttered. Incorrect: No, the farmer said, my cow doesn’t read much anymore. Correct: “You surely don’t expect me to believe that your cow can read,” I protested. Incorrect: You surely don’t expect me to believe that your cow can read, I protested. (what Bob/Pam said) (what the writer adds) “This exam is easy,” Pam said. Here are more examples of direct quotations separated from the rest of the sentence by quotation marks: The words spoken by the teacher are a direct quotation. In this example, the quotation marks separate the teacher’s exact words-“Check your quotation marks”-from the writer’s words at the end of the sentence. Use quotation marks to enclose that word/phrase:Ĭorrect: “Check your quotation marks,” the teacher suggested. Direct Quotations:Ī direct quotation is the exact wording that someone says or writes. Review of Quotation Marks and Italics QUOTATION MARKS I.
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